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Sorting Algorithms · Counting Sort and Radix Sort in Python: When O(n) Sorting Is Legit

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Trick to keep in mind+3 XP

The n log n limit binds comparers; counting sort uses keys as positions.

The lower bound comes from counting how many orderings a sort must tell apart when its only tool is comparing two items. A sort that never compares, and instead uses each key as an address or bucket, is outside that proof. The price is an assumption: the keys must be small whole numbers in a known range.

Read it once, then a question tests whether the trick stuck.